(Reuters) - Israel´s civil defenses are not ready to protect the population in a missile war, an opposition lawmaker said on Monday, fuelling debate about the feasibility of an attack on Iran´s nuclear program.

Almost one in four Israelis lack access to bomb shelters, whether communal or reinforced rooms in private homes, said Zeev Bielski, chairman of a parliamentary panel on Israel´s home defense preparations.

"Are we prepared for a war? No," he told Reuters. "Things are moving too slowly and we are wasting very precious time."

Such shelters could be vital if Israel were to attack Iran´s nuclear facilities and Tehran struck back, either directly or through its allies on the borders of the Jewish state.

Israel says 100,000 rockets and missiles are pointed at it, many of these held by Syria, Lebanon´s Hezbollah and the Palestinian Hamas, although they may decide to sit out any war between Israel and Iran.

The Civil Defense Ministry, which was set up after Israel suffered thousands of rocket strikes in the 2006 Lebanon war, confirmed Bielski´s data while seeking to play down his alarm.

"Our position remains that if everyone does what they are expected to do during an emergency, the situation will be tenable," one ministry official said.

That appeared to reinforce remarks in November by Defense Minister Ehud Barak that, should Iran retaliate for an attack with missile salvoes against Israel, it could inflict fewer than 500 fatalities "if everyone stays in their homes".

The discrepancy between the vulnerability of Israel´s home front and the relatively low casualties forecast by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu´s conservative government has several roots.

Bielski, a member of the centrist opposition party Kadima, said Israel´s advanced missile interceptors and its regular civil defense drills for emergencies stood it in good stead.

But he said: "Even if the number of dead is 500, we need to do a lot more in order to stem that. Any number is too many for us."

A new report by the Washington-based Center for Strategic and International Studies said Iran´s ballistic missiles would be "lucky" to hit within a 1-2 km (1 mile) range of their targets in Israel. But it noted that Israel is 92 percent urbanized -- making even random strikes potentially devastating.

PRIORITIES

Israeli missile expert Uzi Rubin cautioned against optimistic predictions while also saying that total preparedness for a worst- case scenario was impossible.

"I think we have not done enough, but this is a democratic country, which sometimes has to make choices between defending its citizens and improving their quality of life," he said.

Alarms have already sounded in Israel over the poor performance of its emergency services in handling a blaze in 2010 that killed more than 40 people in a northern forest.

Ofer Shelah of Maariv newspaper said the neglect of civil defenses showed Israel preferred to prepare "an offensive military, rather than a military for protecting its citizens".

Many independent experts believe Israel lacks the firepower to take on Iran´s distant, numerous and fortified nuclear sites alone. The veiled threats to attack may be aimed at stiffening world powers´ resolve against Tehran, they say.

Israel´s slow digging in on the homefront and the fact that a successor has yet to be named for outgoing Civil Defense Minister Matan Vilnai may support that idea that the Netanyahu government does not really see a showdown with Iran as imminent.

Udi Segal, diplomatic correspondent for Israel´s top-rated Channel Two TV news, said Barak and Netanyahu saw playing up the specter of war as a means of "making the Iranians feel fear, the Americans take action, and the Europeans impose sanctions". (© Thomson Reuters 2012. 02/27/12)